S048 — Many Religious Nones Around the World Hold Spiritual Beliefs

Pew Research Center (2025)

Open original source — www.pewresearch.org

cross-national survey report belief_context

Curated public use: Use as belief and mediation context; do not infer prevalence or a causal recombination pathway.

Limitation: Source cards are evidence anchors, not proof that a linked claim is settled.

Source note: Studies internal diversity among religiously unaffiliated people across countries.